View source for 6b70


==Cryo-EM structure of human insulin degrading enzyme in complex with FAB H11-E heavy chain, FAB H11-E light chain and insulin==
<SX load='6b70' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6b70]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.70&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6b70]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6B70 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6B70 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[6b3q|6b3q]], [[6b7y|6b7y]], [[6b7z|6b7z]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">IDE ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), INS ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulysin Insulysin], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.24.56 3.4.24.56] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6b70 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6b70 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6b70 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6b70 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6b70 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6b70 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref>   Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref>   Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref>   Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>  
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IDE_HUMAN IDE_HUMAN]] Plays a role in the cellular breakdown of insulin, IAPP, glucagon, bradykinin, kallidin and other peptides, and thereby plays a role in intercellular peptide signaling. Degrades amyloid formed by APP and IAPP. May play a role in the degradation and clearance of naturally secreted amyloid beta-protein by neurons and microglia.<ref>PMID:10684867</ref> <ref>PMID:17613531</ref> <ref>PMID:18986166</ref>  
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) plays key roles in degrading peptides vital in type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, inflammation, and other human diseases. However, the process through which IDE recognizes peptides that tend to form amyloid fibrils remained unsolved. We used cryoEM to understand both the apo- and insulin-bound dimeric IDE states, revealing that IDE displays a large opening between the homologous ~55 kDa N- and C-terminal halves to allow selective substrate capture based on size and charge complementarity. We also used cryoEM, X-ray crystallography, SAXS, and HDX-MS to elucidate the molecular basis of how amyloidogenic peptides stabilize the disordered IDE catalytic cleft, thereby inducing selective degradation by substrate-assisted catalysis. Furthermore, our insulin-bound IDE structures explain how IDE processively degrades insulin by stochastically cutting either chain without breaking disulfide bonds. Together, our studies provide a mechanism for how IDE selectively degrades amyloidogenic peptides and offers structural insights for developing IDE-based therapies.

Ensemble cryoEM elucidates the mechanism of insulin capture and degradation by human insulin degrading enzyme.,Zhang Z, Liang WG, Bailey LJ, Tan YZ, Wei H, Wang A, Farcasanu M, Woods VA, McCord LA, Lee D, Shang W, Deprez-Poulain R, Deprez B, Liu DR, Koide A, Koide S, Kossiakoff AA, Li S, Carragher B, Potter CS, Tang WJ Elife. 2018 Mar 29;7. pii: 33572. doi: 10.7554/eLife.33572. PMID:29596046<ref>PMID:29596046</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
*[[Insulin-degrading enzyme 3D structures|Insulin-degrading enzyme 3D structures]]
*[[3D structures of ubiquitin|3D structures of ubiquitin]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</SX>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Insulysin]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Lk3 transgenic mice]]
[[Category: Bailey, L J]]
[[Category: Carragher, B]]
[[Category: Kossiakoff, A A]]
[[Category: Liang, W G]]
[[Category: Potter, S C]]
[[Category: Tan, Y Z]]
[[Category: Tang, W J]]
[[Category: Wei, H]]
[[Category: Zhang, Z]]
[[Category: Amyloid beta]]
[[Category: Biosynthetic protein]]
[[Category: Hydrolase-immune system-hormone complex]]
[[Category: Ide]]
[[Category: Insulin degrading enzyme]]