View source for 5lhd


==Structure of glycosylated human aminopeptidase N==
<StructureSection load='5lhd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5lhd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5lhd]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5LHD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5LHD FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.6&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5lhd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5lhd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5lhd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5lhd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5lhd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5lhd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AMPN_HUMAN AMPN_HUMAN] Broad specificity aminopeptidase. Plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. May play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease. May be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides of diverse cell types, responsible for the processing of peptide hormones, such as angiotensin III and IV, neuropeptides, and chemokines. Found to cleave antigen peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules of presenting cells and to degrade neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions. Is also implicated as a regulator of IL-8 bioavailability in the endometrium, and therefore may contribute to the regulation of angiogenesis. Is used as a marker for acute myeloid leukemia and plays a role in tumor invasion. In case of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) infection, serves as receptor for HCoV-229E spike glycoprotein. Mediates as well human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection.<ref>PMID:1350662</ref> <ref>PMID:8105105</ref> <ref>PMID:8887485</ref> <ref>PMID:9056417</ref> <ref>PMID:9634079</ref> <ref>PMID:10605003</ref> <ref>PMID:10676659</ref> <ref>PMID:11384645</ref> <ref>PMID:12473585</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Cell surface aminopeptidase N (APN) is a membrane-bound ectoenzyme that hydrolyzes proteins and peptides and regulates numerous cell functions. APN participates in tumor cell expansion and motility, and is a target for cancer therapies. Small drugs that bind to the APN active site inhibit catalysis and suppress tumor growth. APN is also a major cell entry receptor for coronavirus, which binds to a region distant from the active site. Three crystal structures that we determined of human and pig APN ectodomains defined the dynamic conformation of the protein. These structures offered snapshots of closed, intermediate and open APN, which represent distinct functional states. Coronavirus envelope proteins specifically recognized the open APN form, prevented ectodomain progression to the closed form and substrate hydrolysis. In addition, drugs that bind the active site inhibited both coronavirus binding to cell surface APN and infection; the drugs probably hindered APN transition to the virus-specific open form. We conclude that allosteric inhibition of APN functions occurs by ligand suppression of ectodomain motions necessary for catalysis and virus cell entry, as validated by locking APN with disulfides. Blocking APN dynamics can thus be a valuable approach to development of drugs that target this ectoenzyme.

Allosteric inhibition of aminopeptidase N functions related to tumor growth and virus infection.,Santiago C, Mudgal G, Reguera J, Recacha R, Albrecht S, Enjuanes L, Casasnovas JM Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 10;7:46045. doi: 10.1038/srep46045. PMID:28393915<ref>PMID:28393915</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5lhd" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Aminopeptidase 3D structures|Aminopeptidase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Casasnovas JM]]
[[Category: Mudgal G]]
[[Category: Recacha R]]
[[Category: Santiago C]]