View source for 4bgh


==Crystal Structure of CDK2 in complex with pan-CDK Inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='4bgh' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4bgh]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.95&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4bgh]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4BGH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4BGH FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.95&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=3I6:4-((5-BROMO-4-(PROP-2-YN-1-YLAMINO)PYRIMIDIN-2-YL)AMINO)BENZENESULFONAMIDE'>3I6</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4bgh FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4bgh OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4bgh PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4bgh RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4bgh PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4bgh ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CDK2_HUMAN CDK2_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.<ref>PMID:10499802</ref> <ref>PMID:11051553</ref> <ref>PMID:10995386</ref> <ref>PMID:10995387</ref> <ref>PMID:10884347</ref> <ref>PMID:11113184</ref> <ref>PMID:15800615</ref> <ref>PMID:18372919</ref> <ref>PMID:20147522</ref> <ref>PMID:20079829</ref> <ref>PMID:20935635</ref> <ref>PMID:20195506</ref> <ref>PMID:19966300</ref> <ref>PMID:21262353</ref> <ref>PMID:21596315</ref> <ref>PMID:21319273</ref> <ref>PMID:17495531</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Lead optimization of a high-throughput screening hit led to the rapid identification of aminopyrimidine ZK 304709, a multitargeted CDK and VEGF-R inhibitor that displayed a promising preclinical profile. Nevertheless, ZK 304709 failed in phase I studies due to dose-limited absorption and high inter-patient variability, which was attributed to limited aqueous solubility and off-target activity against carbonic anhydrases. Further lead optimization efforts to address the off-target activity profile finally resulted in the introduction of a sulfoximine group, which is still a rather unusual approach in medicinal chemistry. However, the sulfoximine series of compounds quickly revealed very interesting properties, culminating in the identification of the nanomolar pan-CDK inhibitor BAY 1000394, which is currently being investigated in phase I clinical trials.

The lab oddity prevails: discovery of pan-CDK inhibitor (R)-S-cyclopropyl-S-(4-{[4-{[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl]oxy}-5-(trifluorome thyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenyl)sulfoximide (BAY 1000394) for the treatment of cancer.,Lucking U, Jautelat R, Kruger M, Brumby T, Lienau P, Schafer M, Briem H, Schulze J, Hillisch A, Reichel A, Wengner AM, Siemeister G ChemMedChem. 2013 Jul;8(7):1067-85. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201300096. Epub 2013 May, 13. PMID:23671017<ref>PMID:23671017</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4bgh" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cyclin-dependent kinase 3D structures|Cyclin-dependent kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Briem H]]
[[Category: Brumby T]]
[[Category: Hillisch A]]
[[Category: Jautelat R]]
[[Category: Krueger M]]
[[Category: Lienau P]]
[[Category: Luecking U]]
[[Category: Reichel A]]
[[Category: Schaefer M]]
[[Category: Schulze J]]
[[Category: Siemeister G]]