View source for 3fzo


==Crystal Structure of PYK2-Apo, Proline-rich Tyrosine Kinase==
<StructureSection load='3fzo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3fzo]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3fzo]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3FZO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3FZO FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3fzo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3fzo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3fzo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3fzo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3fzo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3fzo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FAK2_HUMAN FAK2_HUMAN] Note=Aberrant PTK2B/PYK2 expression may play a role in cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, in tumor formation and metastasis. Elevated PTK2B/PYK2 expression is seen in gliomas, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer and breast cancer.<ref>PMID:18339875</ref> <ref>PMID:18765415</ref> <ref>PMID:19648005</ref> <ref>PMID:21533080</ref> <ref>PMID:20001213</ref> <ref>PMID:19428251</ref> <ref>PMID:19244237</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FAK2_HUMAN FAK2_HUMAN] Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T-cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promotes osteoclastic bone resorption; this requires both PTK2B/PYK2 and SRC. May inhibit differentiation and activity of osteoprogenitor cells. Functions in signaling downstream of integrin and collagen receptors, immune receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), cytokine, chemokine and growth factor receptors, and mediates responses to cellular stress. Forms multisubunit signaling complexes with SRC and SRC family members upon activation; this leads to the phosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues, creating binding sites for scaffold proteins, effectors and substrates. Regulates numerous signaling pathways. Promotes activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and of the AKT1 signaling cascade. Promotes activation of NOS3. Regulates production of the cellular messenger cGMP. Promotes activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade, including activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK8/JNK1. Promotes activation of Rho family GTPases, such as RHOA and RAC1. Recruits the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 to P53/TP53 in the nucleus, and thereby regulates P53/TP53 activity, P53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Acts as a scaffold, binding to both PDPK1 and SRC, thereby allowing SRC to phosphorylate PDPK1 at 'Tyr-9, 'Tyr-373', and 'Tyr-376'. Promotes phosphorylation of NMDA receptors by SRC family members, and thereby contributes to the regulation of NMDA receptor ion channel activity and intracellular Ca(2+) levels. May also regulate potassium ion transport by phosphorylation of potassium channel subunits. Phosphorylates SRC; this increases SRC kinase activity. Phosphorylates ASAP1, NPHP1, KCNA2 and SHC1. Promotes phosphorylation of ASAP2, RHOU and PXN; this requires both SRC and PTK2/PYK2.<ref>PMID:7544443</ref> <ref>PMID:8849729</ref> <ref>PMID:8670418</ref> <ref>PMID:10022920</ref> <ref>PMID:12771146</ref> <ref>PMID:12893833</ref> <ref>PMID:14585963</ref> <ref>PMID:15050747</ref> <ref>PMID:15166227</ref> <ref>PMID:17634955</ref> <ref>PMID:18339875</ref> <ref>PMID:18765415</ref> <ref>PMID:18086875</ref> <ref>PMID:18587400</ref> <ref>PMID:19207108</ref> <ref>PMID:19648005</ref> <ref>PMID:19086031</ref> <ref>PMID:20521079</ref> <ref>PMID:19880522</ref> <ref>PMID:20381867</ref> <ref>PMID:21357692</ref> <ref>PMID:21533080</ref> <ref>PMID:20001213</ref> <ref>PMID:19428251</ref> <ref>PMID:19244237</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/fz/3fzo_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3fzo ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) is a cytoplasmic, non-receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in multiple signaling pathways. It is a negative regulator of osteogenesis and considered a viable drug target for osteoporosis treatment. The high-resolution structures of the human PYK2 kinase domain with different inhibitor complexes establish the conventional bilobal kinase architecture and show the conformational variability of the DFG loop. The basis for the lack of selectivity for the classical kinase inhibitor, PF-431396, within the FAK family is explained by our structural analyses. Importantly, the novel DFG-out conformation with two diarylurea inhibitors (BIRB796, PF-4618433) reveals a distinct subclass of non-receptor tyrosine kinases identifiable by the gatekeeper Met-502 and the unique hinge loop conformation of Leu-504. This is the first example of a leucine residue in the hinge loop that blocks the ATP binding site in the DFG-out conformation. Our structural, biophysical, and pharmacological studies suggest that the unique features of the DFG motif, including Leu-504 hinge-loop variability, can be exploited for the development of selective protein kinase inhibitors.

Structural characterization of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) reveals a unique (DFG-out) conformation and enables inhibitor design.,Han S, Mistry A, Chang JS, Cunningham D, Griffor M, Bonnette PC, Wang H, Chrunyk BA, Aspnes GE, Walker DP, Brosius AD, Buckbinder L J Biol Chem. 2009 May 8;284(19):13193-201. Epub 2009 Feb 25. PMID:19244237<ref>PMID:19244237</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3fzo" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Han S]]