View source for 2xiq


==Crystal structure of human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in complex with adenosylcobalamin and malonyl-CoA==
<StructureSection load='2xiq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2xiq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.95&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2xiq]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2XIQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2XIQ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.95&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=5AD:5-DEOXYADENOSINE'>5AD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=B12:COBALAMIN'>B12</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MLC:MALONYL-COENZYME+A'>MLC</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2xiq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2xiq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2xiq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2xiq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2xiq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2xiq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MUTA_HUMAN MUTA_HUMAN] Defects in MUT are the cause of methylmalonic aciduria type mut (MMAM) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/251000 251000]. MMAM is an often fatal disorder of organic acid metabolism. Common clinical features include lethargy, vomiting, failure to thrive, hypotonia, neurological deficit and early death. Two forms of the disease are distinguished by the presence (mut-) or absence (mut0) of residual enzyme activity. Mut0 patients have more severe neurological manifestations of the disease than do MUT- patients. MMAM is unresponsive to vitamin B12 therapy.<ref>PMID:1977311</ref> <ref>PMID:1670635</ref> <ref>PMID:1351030</ref> <ref>PMID:1346616</ref> <ref>PMID:7912889</ref> <ref>PMID:7909321</ref> <ref>PMID:9285782</ref> <ref>PMID:9452100</ref> <ref>PMID:9554742</ref> <ref>PMID:10923046</ref> <ref>PMID:11350191</ref> <ref>PMID:15643616</ref> <ref>PMID:15781192</ref> <ref>PMID:16281286</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MUTA_HUMAN MUTA_HUMAN] Involved in the degradation of several amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids and cholesterol via propionyl-CoA to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. MCM has different functions in other species.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/xi/2xiq_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2xiq ConSurf].
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) is essential to the function of two human enzymes, methionine synthase (MS) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). The conversion of dietary Cbl to its cofactor forms, methyl-Cbl (MeCbl) for MS and adenosyl-Cbl (AdoCbl) for MUT, located in the cytosol and mitochondria, respectively, requires a complex pathway of intracellular processing and trafficking. One of the processing proteins, MMAA (methylmalonic aciduria type A), is implicated in the mitochondrial assembly of AdoCbl into MUT and is defective in children from the cblA complementation group of cobalamin disorders. To characterize the functional interplay between MMAA and MUT, we have crystallized human MMAA in the GDP-bound form and human MUT in the apo, holo and substrate-bound ternary forms. Structures of both proteins reveal highly conserved domain architecture and catalytic machinery for ligand binding, yet they show substantially different dimeric assembly and interaction, compared to their bacterial counterparts. We show that MMAA exhibits GTPase activity that is modulated by MUT and that the two proteins interact in vitro and in vivo. Formation of a stable MMAA-MUT complex is nucleotide-selective for MMAA (GMPPNP over GDP) and apoenzyme-dependent for MUT. The physiological importance of this interaction is highlighted by a recently-identified homoallelic patient mutation of MMAA, G188R, which, we show, retains basal GTPase activity but has abrogated interaction. Together, our data point to a "gate-keeping" role for MMAA by favouring complex formation with MUT apoenzyme for AdoCbl assembly and releasing the AdoCbl-loaded holoenzyme from the complex, in a GTP-dependent manner.

Structures of the human GTPase MMAA and vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonyl-coa mutase and insight into their complex formation.,Froese DS, Kochan G, Muniz J, Wu X, Gileadi C, Ugochukwu E, Krysztofinska E, Gravel RA, Oppermann U, Yue WW J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 28. PMID:20876572<ref>PMID:20876572</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2xiq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Arrowsmith C]]
[[Category: Bountra C]]
[[Category: Chaikuad A]]
[[Category: Edwards A]]
[[Category: Froese DS]]
[[Category: Kochan G]]
[[Category: Krojer T]]
[[Category: Muniz J]]
[[Category: Oppermann U]]
[[Category: Ugochukwu E]]
[[Category: Weigelt J]]
[[Category: Yue WW]]