View source for 2n29


==Solution-state NMR structure of Vpu cytoplasmic domain==
<StructureSection load='2n29' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2n29]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2n29]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2N29 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2N29 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2n29 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2n29 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2n29 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2n29 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2n29 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2n29 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VPU_HV1H2 VPU_HV1H2] Enhances virion budding by targeting host CD4 and Tetherin/BST2 to proteasome degradation. Degradation of CD4 prevents any unwanted premature interactions between viral Env and its host receptor CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Degradation of antiretroviral protein Tetherin/BST2 is important for virion budding, as BST2 tethers new viral particles to the host cell membrane. Mechanistically, Vpu bridges either CD4 or BST2 to BTRC, a substrate recognition subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase, induces their ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The alteration of the E3 ligase specificity by Vpu seems to promote the degradation of host IKBKB, leading to NF-kappa-B down-regulation and subsequent apoptosis. Ion channel activity has also been suggested, however, formation of cation-selective channel has been reconstituted ex-vivo in lipid bilayers. It is thus unsure that this activity plays a role in vivo.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04082]<ref>PMID:11696595</ref> <ref>PMID:19730691</ref> <ref>PMID:19837671</ref> <ref>PMID:24498878</ref> <ref>PMID:24843023</ref> <ref>PMID:8794357</ref> 

==See Also==
*[[Vpu protein|Vpu protein]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Das BB]]
[[Category: Lin EC]]
[[Category: Opella SJ]]
[[Category: Tian Y]]
[[Category: Zhang H]]