View source for 2giw


==SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF REDUCED HORSE HEART CYTOCHROME C, NMR, 40 STRUCTURES==
<StructureSection load='2giw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2giw]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2giw]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_caballus Equus caballus]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GIW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GIW FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR, 40 models</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HEC:HEME+C'>HEC</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2giw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2giw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2giw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2giw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2giw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2giw ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYC_HORSE CYC_HORSE] Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.  Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity).
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/gi/2giw_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2giw ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
In the frame of a broad study on the structural differences between the two redox forms of cytochromes to be related to the electron transfer process, the NMR solution structure of horse heart cytochrome c in the reduced form has been determined. The structural data obtained in the present work are compared to those already available in the literature on the same protein and the presence of conformational differences is discussed in the light of the experimental method employed for the structure determination. Redox-state dependent changes are analyzed and in particular they are related to the role of propionate-7 of the heme. Also some hydrogen bonds are changed upon reduction of the heme iron. A substantial similarity is observed for the backbone fold, independently of the oxidation state. At variance, some meaningful differences are observed in the orientation of a few side chains. These changes are related to those found in the case of the highly homologous cytochrome c from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The exchangeability of the NH protons has been investigated and found to be smaller than in the case of the oxidized protein. We think that this is a characteristic of reduced cytochromes and that mobility is a medium for molecular recognition in vivo.

Solution structure of reduced horse heart cytochrome c.,Banci L, Bertini I, Huber JG, Spyroulias GA, Turano P J Biol Inorg Chem. 1999 Feb;4(1):21-31. PMID:10499099<ref>PMID:10499099</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2giw" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cytochrome C 3D structures|Cytochrome C 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Equus caballus]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Banci L]]
[[Category: Bertini I]]
[[Category: Huber JG]]
[[Category: Spyroulias GA]]
[[Category: Turano P]]