View source for 2a45


==Crystal structure of the complex between thrombin and the central "E" region of fibrin==
<StructureSection load='2a45' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2a45]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.65&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2a45]] is a 10 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=1qvh 1qvh]. The November 2006 RCSB PDB [https://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Fibrin''  by David S. Goodsell is [https://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2006_11 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2006_11]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2A45 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2A45 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.65&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=0G6:D-PHENYLALANYL-N-[(2S,3S)-6-{[AMINO(IMINIO)METHYL]AMINO}-1-CHLORO-2-HYDROXYHEXAN-3-YL]-L-PROLINAMIDE'>0G6</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2a45 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2a45 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2a45 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2a45 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2a45 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2a45 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613679 613679]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.<ref>PMID:14962227</ref> <ref>PMID:6405779</ref> <ref>PMID:3771562</ref> <ref>PMID:3567158</ref> <ref>PMID:3801671</ref> <ref>PMID:3242619</ref> <ref>PMID:2719946</ref> <ref>PMID:1354985</ref> <ref>PMID:1421398</ref> <ref>PMID:1349838</ref> <ref>PMID:7865694</ref> <ref>PMID:7792730</ref>   Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601367 601367]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.<ref>PMID:15534175</ref>   Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/188050 188050]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis.  Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614390 614390]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.<ref>PMID:11506076</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.<ref>PMID:2856554</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/a4/2a45_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2a45 ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Nonsubstrate interaction of thrombin with fibrinogen promotes sequential cleavage of fibrinopeptides A and B (fpA and fpB, respectively) from the latter, resulting in its conversion into fibrin. The recently established crystal structure of human thrombin in complex with the central part of human fibrin clarified the mechanism of this interaction. Here, we reveal new details of the structure and present the results of molecular modeling of the fpA- and fpB-containing portions of the Aalpha and Bbeta chains, not identified in the complex, in both fibrinogen and protofibrils. The analysis of the results reveals that in fibrinogen the fpA-containing portions are in a more favorable position to bind in the active site cleft of bound thrombin. Surface plasmon resonance experiments establish that the fpB-containing portions interact with the fibrin-derived dimeric D-D fragment, suggesting that in protofibrils they bind to the newly formed DD regions bringing fpB into the vicinity of bound thrombin. These findings provide a coherent rationale for the preferential removal of fpA from fibrinogen at the first stage of fibrin assembly and the accelerated cleavage of fpB from protofibrils and/or fibrils at the second stage.

Structural basis for sequential cleavage of fibrinopeptides upon fibrin assembly.,Pechik I, Yakovlev S, Mosesson MW, Gilliland GL, Medved L Biochemistry. 2006 Mar 21;45(11):3588-97. PMID:16533041<ref>PMID:16533041</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2a45" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Fibrin|Fibrin]]
*[[Fibrinogen|Fibrinogen]]
*[[Thrombin 3D Structures|Thrombin 3D Structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Fibrin]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]
[[Category: Gilliland GL]]
[[Category: Madrazo J]]
[[Category: Medved L]]
[[Category: Pechik I]]