View source for 1irj


==Crystal Structure of the MRP14 complexed with CHAPS==
<StructureSection load='1irj' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1irj]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1irj]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1IRJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1IRJ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CPS:3-[(3-CHOLAMIDOPROPYL)DIMETHYLAMMONIO]-1-PROPANESULFONATE'>CPS</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1irj FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1irj OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1irj PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1irj RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1irj PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1irj ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/S10A9_HUMAN S10A9_HUMAN] S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transfering arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread.<ref>PMID:8423249</ref> <ref>PMID:12626582</ref> <ref>PMID:15331440</ref> <ref>PMID:15598812</ref> <ref>PMID:15642721</ref> <ref>PMID:16258195</ref> <ref>PMID:19534726</ref> <ref>PMID:19087201</ref> <ref>PMID:19122197</ref> <ref>PMID:19402754</ref> <ref>PMID:19935772</ref> <ref>PMID:20103766</ref> <ref>PMID:21325622</ref> <ref>PMID:22804476</ref> <ref>PMID:21487906</ref> <ref>PMID:22808130</ref> <ref>PMID:22363402</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ir/1irj_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1irj ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Human MRP14 (hMRP14) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein from the S100 family of proteins. This protein is co-expressed with human MRP8 (hMRP8), a homologue protein in myeloid cells, and plays an indispensable role in Ca(2+)-dependent functions during inflammation. This role includes the activation of Mac-1, the beta(2) integrin which is involved in neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. The crystal structure of the holo form of hMRP14 was analyzed at 2.1 A resolution. hMRP14 is distinguished from other S100 member proteins by its long C-terminal region, and its structure shows that the region is extensively flexible. In this crystal structure of hMRP14, Chaps molecules bind to the hinge region that connects two EF-hand motifs, which suggests that this region is a target-binding site of this protein. Based on a structural comparison of hMRP14 with hMRP8 and human S100A12 (hS100A12) that is another homologue protein, the character of MRP8/14 hetero-complex and the functional significance of the flexibility of the C-terminal region of hMRP14 are discussed.

The crystal structure of human MRP14 (S100A9), a Ca(2+)-dependent regulator protein in inflammatory process.,Itou H, Yao M, Fujita I, Watanabe N, Suzuki M, Nishihira J, Tanaka I J Mol Biol. 2002 Feb 15;316(2):265-76. PMID:11851337<ref>PMID:11851337</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1irj" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[S100 proteins 3D structures|S100 proteins 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Itou H]]
[[Category: Nishihira J]]
[[Category: Tanaka I]]
[[Category: Watanabe N]]
[[Category: Yao M]]