View source for 1b22


==RAD51 (N-TERMINAL DOMAIN)==
<StructureSection load='1b22' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1b22]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1b22]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1B22 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1B22 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1b22 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1b22 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1b22 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1b22 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1b22 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1b22 ProSAT], [https://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1b22 TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD51_HUMAN RAD51_HUMAN] Defects in RAD51 are a cause of susceptibility to breast cancer (BC) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/114480 114480]. A common malignancy originating from breast epithelial tissue. Breast neoplasms can be distinguished by their histologic pattern. Invasive ductal carcinoma is by far the most common type. Breast cancer is etiologically and genetically heterogeneous. Important genetic factors have been indicated by familial occurrence and bilateral involvement. Mutations at more than one locus can be involved in different families or even in the same case.<ref>PMID:10807537</ref>   Defects in RAD51 are the cause of mirror movements type 2 (MRMV2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614508 614508]. A disorder characterized by contralateral involuntary movements that mirror voluntary ones. While mirror movements are occasionally found in young children, persistence beyond the age of 10 is abnormal. Mirror movements occur more commonly in the upper extremities.<ref>PMID:22305526</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD51_HUMAN RAD51_HUMAN] Participates in a common DNA damage response pathway associated with the activation of homologous recombination and double-strand break repair. Binds to single and double stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Underwinds duplex DNA and forms helical nucleoprotein filaments. Plays a role in regulating mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51C and XRCC3.<ref>PMID:18417535</ref> <ref>PMID:12205100</ref> <ref>PMID:20413593</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/b2/1b22_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1b22 ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Human Rad51 protein (HsRad51) is a homolog of Escherichia coli RecA protein, and functions in DNA repair and recombination. In higher eukaryotes, Rad51 protein is essential for cell viability. The N-terminal region of HsRad51 is highly conserved among eukaryotic Rad51 proteins but is absent from RecA, suggesting a Rad51-specific function for this region. Here, we have determined the structure of the N-terminal part of HsRad51 by NMR spectroscopy. The N-terminal region forms a compact domain consisting of five short helices, which shares structural similarity with a domain of endonuclease III, a DNA repair enzyme of E. coli. NMR experiments did not support the involvement of the N-terminal domain in HsRad51-HsBrca2 interaction or the self-association of HsRad51 as proposed by previous studies. However, NMR tiration experiments demonstrated a physical interaction of the domain with DNA, and allowed mapping of the DNA binding surface. Mutation analysis showed that the DNA binding surface is essential for double-stranded and single-stranded DNA binding of HsRad51. Our results suggest the presence of a DNA binding site on the outside surface of the HsRad51 filament and provide a possible explanation for the regulation of DNA binding by phosphorylation within the N-terminal domain.

The N-terminal domain of the human Rad51 protein binds DNA: structure and a DNA binding surface as revealed by NMR.,Aihara H, Ito Y, Kurumizaka H, Yokoyama S, Shibata T J Mol Biol. 1999 Jul 9;290(2):495-504. PMID:10390347<ref>PMID:10390347</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Aihara H]]
[[Category: Ito Y]]
[[Category: Kurumizaka H]]
[[Category: Shibata T]]
[[Category: Yokoyama S]]