Proteopedia

Transcription initiation factor


Transcription initiation factors (TFII) are proteins which enable RNA polymerase II to bind to the DNA template in order to start the transcription process[1][2].

  • TFIIA is one of several TFs which are required for transcription. TFIIA aids in binding the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box containing sequence of the DNA.
  • TFIIB bridges between TFIID and RNA polymerase II[3].
  • TFIIIB is the core RNA polymerase III initiation factor. It recruits pol III to the transcriptional start site[4].
  • TFIID recognizes the promoter sequence on the DNA.
  • TFIIE both subunits are are essential to form a preinitiation complex.[5]
  • TFIIF binds RNA polymerase III prohibiting it to bind to DNA outside the promoter.
  • TF RRN initiate transcription by RNA polymerase I in yeast.[6]

(PDB entry 1vol).

3D structures of transcription initiation factors

Transcription initiation factors 3D structures


Structure of human TFIIB (cyan) complex with TATA-binding protein (green) and DNA (PDB entry 1vol)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

ReferencesReferences

  1. ↑ Roeder RG. The role of general initiation factors in transcription by RNA polymerase II. Trends Biochem Sci. 1996 Sep;21(9):327-35. PMID:8870495
  2. ↑ Kuhlman TC, Cho H, Reinberg D, Hernandez N. The general transcription factors IIA, IIB, IIF, and IIE are required for RNA polymerase II transcription from the human U1 small nuclear RNA promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Mar;19(3):2130-41. PMID:10022900
  3. ↑ Ha I, Lane WS, Reinberg D. Cloning of a human gene encoding the general transcription initiation factor IIB. Nature. 1991 Aug 22;352(6337):689-95. PMID:1876184 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/352689a0
  4. ↑ Kassavetis GA, Geiduschek EP. Transcription factor TFIIIB and transcription by RNA polymerase III. Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Dec;34(Pt 6):1082-7. doi: 10.1042/BST0341082. PMID:17073756 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST0341082
  5. ↑ Peterson MG, Inostroza J, Maxon ME, Flores O, Admon A, Reinberg D, Tjian R. Structure and functional properties of human general transcription factor IIE. Nature. 1991 Dec 5;354(6352):369-73. PMID:1956398 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/354369a0
  6. ↑ Yamamoto RT, Nogi Y, Dodd JA, Nomura M. RRN3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an essential RNA polymerase I transcription factor which interacts with the polymerase independently of DNA template. EMBO J. 1996 Aug 1;15(15):3964-73. PMID:8670901

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