Thioredoxin Reductase

Function

Thioredoxin Reductase or glutaredoxin domain-containing protein (TrxR) is an enzyme which reduces thioredoxin using NADPH^[1]. TrxR-1 is cystolic while TrxR-2 is mitochondrial. TrxR-3 is highly expressed in testis. For more details see:

Disease

Mutations in TrxR-2 are associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency^[2].

Structural highlights

TrxR and Trx form an ^[3]. . Water molecules are shown as red spheres.

3D Structures of Thioredoxin Reductase

Thioredoxin reductase 3D structures

Human Thioredoxin reductase dimer (cyan, green) complex with thioredoxin (yellow, pink), glycerol and FAD (PDB entry 3qfa)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

ReferencesReferences

↑ Arner ES, Holmgren A. Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Oct;267(20):6102-9. PMID:11012661
↑ Prasad R, Chan LF, Hughes CR, Kaski JP, Kowalczyk JC, Savage MO, Peters CJ, Nathwani N, Clark AJ, Storr HL, Metherell LA. Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (TXNRD2) mutation associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Aug;99(8):E1556-63. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3844. Epub, 2014 Mar 6. PMID:24601690 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3844
↑ Fritz-Wolf K, Kehr S, Stumpf M, Rahlfs S, Becker K. Crystal structure of the human thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin complex. Nat Commun. 2011 Jul 12;2:383. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1382. PMID:21750537 doi:10.1038/ncomms1382

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Alexander Berchansky, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman

[1] Arner ES, Holmgren A. Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Oct;267(20):6102-9. PMID:11012661

[2] Prasad R, Chan LF, Hughes CR, Kaski JP, Kowalczyk JC, Savage MO, Peters CJ, Nathwani N, Clark AJ, Storr HL, Metherell LA. Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (TXNRD2) mutation associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Aug;99(8):E1556-63. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3844. Epub, 2014 Mar 6. PMID:24601690 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3844

[3] Fritz-Wolf K, Kehr S, Stumpf M, Rahlfs S, Becker K. Crystal structure of the human thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin complex. Nat Commun. 2011 Jul 12;2:383. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1382. PMID:21750537 doi:10.1038/ncomms1382

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