Inorganic pyrophosphatase

Function

Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) catalyzes the breakdown of pyrophosphate (PPi) to two molecules of phosphate (PO4). The reaction releases energy and is irreversible hence it is coupled to biochemical reactions which need to be driven to completion. PPase plays a role in lipid metabolism, calcium absorption, bone formation and DNA synthesis. PPase requires a divalent metal ion like Mg+2 for higher activity. PPi is formed in many biosynthetic reactions which require ATP^[1].

NADH pyrophosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphate bond of NADH to reduced mononucleotide^[2].
proton pyrophosphatase functions in the regulation of pyrophosphates in plants. Enhanced expression increases yields in crops^[3].

Structural highlights

The biological assembly of Inorganic pyrophosphatase Helicobacter pylori is . PPase ^[4]. Anionic (-) / Cationic (+). Water molecules shown as red spheres.

3D structures of inorganic pyrophosphatase

Inorganic pyrophosphatase 3D structures

ReferencesReferences

↑ Harold FM. Inorganic polyphosphates in biology: structure, metabolism, and function. Bacteriol Rev. 1966 Dec;30(4):772-94. PMID:5342521
↑ Liu Y, Gong JS, Marshall G, Su C, Hall M, Li H, Xu GQ, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Protein engineering of NADH pyrophosphatase for efficient biocatalytic production of reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Apr 4;11:1159965. PMID:37082214 doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159965
↑ Primo C, Pizzio GA, Yang J, Gaxiola RA, Scholz-Starke J, Hirschi KD. Plant proton pumping pyrophosphatase: the potential for its pyrophosphate synthesis activity to modulate plant growth. Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2019 Nov;21(6):989-996. PMID:31081197 doi:10.1111/plb.13007
↑ Chao TC, Huang H, Tsai JY, Huang CY, Sun YJ. Kinetic and structural properties of inorganic pyrophosphatase from the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Proteins. 2006 Nov 15;65(3):670-80. PMID:16988955 doi:10.1002/prot.21093

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

[1] Harold FM. Inorganic polyphosphates in biology: structure, metabolism, and function. Bacteriol Rev. 1966 Dec;30(4):772-94. PMID:5342521

[2] Liu Y, Gong JS, Marshall G, Su C, Hall M, Li H, Xu GQ, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Protein engineering of NADH pyrophosphatase for efficient biocatalytic production of reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Apr 4;11:1159965. PMID:37082214 doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159965

[3] Primo C, Pizzio GA, Yang J, Gaxiola RA, Scholz-Starke J, Hirschi KD. Plant proton pumping pyrophosphatase: the potential for its pyrophosphate synthesis activity to modulate plant growth. Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2019 Nov;21(6):989-996. PMID:31081197 doi:10.1111/plb.13007

[4] Chao TC, Huang H, Tsai JY, Huang CY, Sun YJ. Kinetic and structural properties of inorganic pyrophosphatase from the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Proteins. 2006 Nov 15;65(3):670-80. PMID:16988955 doi:10.1002/prot.21093

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