Glyoxalase

Function

Glyoxalase (GLO) is part of the glyoxalase system which detoxifies the highly toxic methylglyoxal and other aldehydes produced by metabolism^[1].

GLO1 or lactoylglutathione lyase catalyzes the conversion of glutathione and methylglyoxal to lactoylglutathione.
GLO2 is a metalloenzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactoylglutathione to glutathione and lactate. GLO2 exists as cytosolic and mitochondrial forms. For details on GLO2 see Leishmania infantum Glyoxalase II.

Relevance

GLO1 is a target for drugs against bacteria, protozoans and cancer^[2]. The GLO system is a focus of research on metabolic control and prevention of vascular complications in diabetes and obesity^[3].

Structural highlights

^[4]. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.

3D structures of glyoxalase

Glyoxalase 3D structures

Human glyoxalase I dimer complex with glutathione derivative and Zn+2 ion (grey) 1qin

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

ReferencesReferences

↑ Dixon DP, Cummins L, Cole DJ, Edwards R. Glutathione-mediated detoxification systems in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 1998 Jun;1(3):258-66. PMID:10066594
↑ Thornalley PJ. The glyoxalase system in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med. 1993;14(4):287-371. PMID:8277832
↑ Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Glyoxalase in diabetes, obesity and related disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2011 May;22(3):309-17. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.015., Epub 2011 Feb 16. PMID:21335095 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.015
↑ Cameron AD, Ridderstrom M, Olin B, Kavarana MJ, Creighton DJ, Mannervik B. Reaction mechanism of glyoxalase I explored by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the human enzyme in complex with a transition state analogue. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 12;38(41):13480-90. PMID:10521255

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

[1] Dixon DP, Cummins L, Cole DJ, Edwards R. Glutathione-mediated detoxification systems in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 1998 Jun;1(3):258-66. PMID:10066594

[2] Thornalley PJ. The glyoxalase system in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med. 1993;14(4):287-371. PMID:8277832

[3] Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Glyoxalase in diabetes, obesity and related disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2011 May;22(3):309-17. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.015., Epub 2011 Feb 16. PMID:21335095 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.015

[4] Cameron AD, Ridderstrom M, Olin B, Kavarana MJ, Creighton DJ, Mannervik B. Reaction mechanism of glyoxalase I explored by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the human enzyme in complex with a transition state analogue. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 12;38(41):13480-90. PMID:10521255

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