Forms of DNA
A comparative representation of the three forms of DNAA comparative representation of the three forms of DNA
Sources [1]
| A-DNA | B-DNA | Z-DNA | ||||||||||||||||||
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Helical Parameters of the three forms of DNAHelical Parameters of the three forms of DNA
DNA is a very flexible molecule and has the ability to exist in various forms based on the environmental conditions. Naturally occurring DNA double helices are classified into A, B and Z-types. A and B-forms of DNA are the right handed forms whereas Z-DNA is the left handed form. When hydrated the DNA generally assumes B-form. The A conformation is found when there is little water to interact with the helix and is also the conformation adopted by the RNA. The formation of Z-DNA occurs with the methylation of deoxycytosine residues and also during transcription where negative supercoiling stabilizes it.
| Parameter | A-DNA | B-DNA | Z-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Helix sense | right-handed | right-handed | left-handed |
| Residues per turn | 11 | 10.5 | 12 |
| Axial rise [Å] | 2.55 | 3.4 | 3.7 |
| Helix pitch(°) | 28 | 34 | 45 |
| Base pair tilt(°) | 20 | −6 | 7 |
| Rotation per residue (°) | 33 | 36 | -30 |
| Diameter of helix [Å] | 23 | 20 | 18 |
| Glycosidic bond configuration<br\>dA,dT,dC<br\>dG | <br\>anti<br\>anti | <br\>anti<br\>anti | <br\>anti<br\>syn |
| Sugar pucker<br\>dA,dT,dC<br\>dG | <br\>C3'-endo<br\>C3'-endo | <br\> C2'-endo<br\>C2'-endo | <br\>C2'-endo<br\>C3'-endo |
| Intrastrand phosphate-phosphate distance [Å] <br\>dA,dT,dC<br\>dG | <br\>5.9<br\>5.9 | <br\>7.0<br\>7.0 | <br\>7.0<br\> 5.9 |
| Sources: [2][3][4] | |||
Structural Transformation between A and B DNAStructural Transformation between A and B DNA
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This animated model displays the structural transformation between A and B forms of DNA. Rendering:
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Other interesting views:
Source of morphs: [5]
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See alsoSee also
ReferencesReferences
- ↑ Nucleic Acid Canonical Coordinates http://nucleix.mbu.iisc.ac.in/nacc/index.html
- ↑ Rich A, Nordheim A, Wang AH. The chemistry and biology of left-handed Z-DNA. Annu Rev Biochem. 1984;53:791-846. PMID:6383204 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.004043
- ↑ Wang AH, Quigley GJ, Kolpak FJ, Crawford JL, van Boom JH, van der Marel G, Rich A. Molecular structure of a left-handed double helical DNA fragment at atomic resolution. Nature. 1979 Dec 13;282(5740):680-6. PMID:514347
- ↑ Sinden, Richard R (1994-01-15). DNA structure and function (1st ed.). Academic Press. pp. 398. ISBN 0-12-645750-6.
- ↑ Krebs WG, Gerstein M. The morph server: a standardized system for analyzing and visualizing macromolecular motions in a database framework. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Apr 15;28(8):1665-75. PMID:10734184
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Eran Hodis, Adithya Sagar, Eric Martz, Michal Harel, Angel Herraez, Jaime Prilusky, Karsten TheisCitation: Hodis E, Sagar A, Martz E, 2012, "Forms of DNA",