8we4

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 RBD complexed with human ACE2 and S304SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 RBD complexed with human ACE2 and S304

Structural highlights

8we4 is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:	Electron Microscopy, Resolution 2.91Å
Ligands:	, ,
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

ACE2_HUMAN Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency. May be an important regulator of heart function. In case of human coronaviruses SARS and HCoV-NL63 infections, serve as functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein of both coronaviruses.^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Since SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged, it is constantly evolving into multiple sub-variants, including BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, XBB.1.5 and the recently emerged BA.2.86 and JN.1. Receptor binding and immune evasion are recognized as two major drivers for evolution of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. However, the underlying mechanism of interplay between two factors remains incompletely understood. Herein, we determined the structures of human ACE2 complexed with BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1.5 RBDs. Based on the ACE2/RBD structures of these sub-variants and a comparison with the known complex structures, we found that R346T substitution in the RBD enhanced ACE2 binding upon an interaction with the residue R493, but not Q493, via a mechanism involving long-range conformation changes. Furthermore, we found that R493Q and F486V exert a balanced impact, through which immune evasion capability was somewhat compromised to achieve an optimal receptor binding. We propose a "two-steps-forward and one-step-backward" model to describe such a compromise between receptor binding affinity and immune evasion during RBD evolution of Omicron sub-variants.

Key mechanistic features of the trade-off between antibody escape and host cell binding in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spike proteins.,Li W, Xu Z, Niu T, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Li D, He Q, Sun W, Shi K, Guo W, Chang Z, Liu K, Fan Z, Qi J, Gao GF EMBO J. 2024 Apr;43(8):1484-1498. doi: 10.1038/s44318-024-00062-z. Epub 2024 Mar , 11. PMID:38467833^[4]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, Donovan M, Woolf B, Robison K, Jeyaseelan R, Breitbart RE, Acton S. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res. 2000 Sep 1;87(5):E1-9. PMID:10969042
↑ Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33238-43. PMID:10924499 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M002615200
↑ Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, Somasundaran M, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Greenough TC, Choe H, Farzan M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003 Nov 27;426(6965):450-4. PMID:14647384 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02145
↑ Li W, Xu Z, Niu T, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Li D, He Q, Sun W, Shi K, Guo W, Chang Z, Liu K, Fan Z, Qi J, Gao GF. Key mechanistic features of the trade-off between antibody escape and host cell binding in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spike proteins. EMBO J. 2024 Apr;43(8):1484-1498. PMID:38467833 doi:10.1038/s44318-024-00062-z

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OCA

[1] Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, Donovan M, Woolf B, Robison K, Jeyaseelan R, Breitbart RE, Acton S. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res. 2000 Sep 1;87(5):E1-9. PMID:10969042

[2] Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33238-43. PMID:10924499 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M002615200

[3] Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, Somasundaran M, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Greenough TC, Choe H, Farzan M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003 Nov 27;426(6965):450-4. PMID:14647384 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02145

[4] Li W, Xu Z, Niu T, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Li D, He Q, Sun W, Shi K, Guo W, Chang Z, Liu K, Fan Z, Qi J, Gao GF. Key mechanistic features of the trade-off between antibody escape and host cell binding in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spike proteins. EMBO J. 2024 Apr;43(8):1484-1498. PMID:38467833 doi:10.1038/s44318-024-00062-z

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