Structural highlightsFunctionZCCHV_MOUSE Antiviral protein which inhibits the replication of viruses by recruiting the cellular RNA degradation machineries to degrade the viral mRNAs. Binds to a ZAP-responsive element (ZRE) present in the target viral mRNA, recruits cellular poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN to remove the poly(A) tail, and the 3'-5' exoribonuclease complex exosome to degrade the RNA body from the 3'-end. It also recruits the decapping complex DCP1-DCP2 through RNA helicase p72 (DDX17) to remove the cap structure of the viral mRNA to initiate its degradation from the 5'-end. Its target viruses belong to families which include retroviridae: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and moloney and murine leukemia virus (MoMLV), filoviridae: ebola virus (EBOV) and marburg virus (MARV), togaviridae: sindbis virus (SINV) and Ross river virus (RRV). Specifically targets the multiply spliced but not unspliced or singly spliced HIV-1 mRNAs for degradation. Isoform 1 is a more potent viral inhibitor than isoform 2. Isoform 2 acts as a positive regulator of DDX58/RIG-I signaling resulting in activation of the downstream effector IRF3 leading to the expression of type I IFNs and IFN stimulated genes (ISGs).[1]
See AlsoReferences
- ↑ Hayakawa S, Shiratori S, Yamato H, Kameyama T, Kitatsuji C, Kashigi F, Goto S, Kameoka S, Fujikura D, Yamada T, Mizutani T, Kazumata M, Sato M, Tanaka J, Asaka M, Ohba Y, Miyazaki T, Imamura M, Takaoka A. ZAPS is a potent stimulator of signaling mediated by the RNA helicase RIG-I during antiviral responses. Nat Immunol. 2011 Jan;12(1):37-44. doi: 10.1038/ni.1963. Epub 2010 Nov 21. PMID:21102435 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.1963
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