7ckk

Structural complex of FTO bound with Dac51Structural complex of FTO bound with Dac51

Structural highlights

7ckk is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:	X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.35Å
Ligands:	,
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

FTO_HUMAN Defects in FTO are the cause of growth retardation developmental delay coarse facies and early death (GDFD) [MIM:612938. A severe polymalformation syndrome characterized by postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, severe psychomotor delay, functional brain deficits and characteristic facial dysmorphism. In some patients, structural brain malformations, cardiac defects, genital anomalies, and cleft palate are observed. Early death occurs by the age of 3 years.^[1]

Function

FTO_HUMAN Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, followed by single-stranded DNA containing 3-methylthymine. Has low demethylase activity towards single-stranded DNA containing 1-methyladenine or 3-methylcytosine. Has no activity towards 1-methylguanine. Has no detectable activity towards double-stranded DNA. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Contributes to the regulation of the global metabolic rate, energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Contributes to the regulation of body size and body fat accumulation.^[2] ^[3]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The ever-increasing understanding of the complexity of factors and regulatory layers that contribute to immune evasion facilitates the development of immunotherapies. However, the diversity of malignant tumors limits many known mechanisms in specific genetic and epigenetic contexts, manifesting the need to discover general driver genes. Here, we have identified the m(6)A demethylase FTO as an essential epitranscriptomic regulator utilized by tumors to escape immune surveillance through regulation of glycolytic metabolism. We show that FTO-mediated m(6)A demethylation in tumor cells elevates the transcription factors c-Jun, JunB, and C/EBPbeta, which allows the rewiring of glycolytic metabolism. Fto knockdown impairs the glycolytic activity of tumor cells, which restores the function of CD8(+) T cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. Furthermore, we developed a small-molecule compound, Dac51, that can inhibit the activity of FTO, block FTO-mediated immune evasion, and synergize with checkpoint blockade for better tumor control, suggesting reprogramming RNA epitranscriptome as a potential strategy for immunotherapy.

Tumors exploit FTO-mediated regulation of glycolytic metabolism to evade immune surveillance.,Liu Y, Liang G, Xu H, Dong W, Dong Z, Qiu Z, Zhang Z, Li F, Huang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Yin S, Zhang Y, Guo P, Liu J, Xi JJ, Jiang P, Han D, Yang CG, Xu MM Cell Metab. 2021 Jun 1;33(6):1221-1233.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.001. Epub, 2021 Apr 27. PMID:33910046^[4]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Boissel S, Reish O, Proulx K, Kawagoe-Takaki H, Sedgwick B, Yeo GS, Meyre D, Golzio C, Molinari F, Kadhom N, Etchevers HC, Saudek V, Farooqi IS, Froguel P, Lindahl T, O'Rahilly S, Munnich A, Colleaux L. Loss-of-function mutation in the dioxygenase-encoding FTO gene causes severe growth retardation and multiple malformations. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Jul;85(1):106-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.002. Epub 2009, Jun 25. PMID:19559399 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.002
↑ Jia G, Yang CG, Yang S, Jian X, Yi C, Zhou Z, He C. Oxidative demethylation of 3-methylthymine and 3-methyluracil in single-stranded DNA and RNA by mouse and human FTO. FEBS Lett. 2008 Oct 15;582(23-24):3313-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.019., Epub 2008 Sep 5. PMID:18775698 doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.019
↑ Han Z, Niu T, Chang J, Lei X, Zhao M, Wang Q, Cheng W, Wang J, Feng Y, Chai J. Crystal structure of the FTO protein reveals basis for its substrate specificity. Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1205-9. Epub 2010 Apr 7. PMID:20376003 doi:10.1038/nature08921
↑ Liu Y, Liang G, Xu H, Dong W, Dong Z, Qiu Z, Zhang Z, Li F, Huang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Yin S, Zhang Y, Guo P, Liu J, Xi JJ, Jiang P, Han D, Yang CG, Xu MM. Tumors exploit FTO-mediated regulation of glycolytic metabolism to evade immune surveillance. Cell Metab. 2021 Jun 1;33(6):1221-1233.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.001. Epub, 2021 Apr 27. PMID:33910046 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.001

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

[1] Boissel S, Reish O, Proulx K, Kawagoe-Takaki H, Sedgwick B, Yeo GS, Meyre D, Golzio C, Molinari F, Kadhom N, Etchevers HC, Saudek V, Farooqi IS, Froguel P, Lindahl T, O'Rahilly S, Munnich A, Colleaux L. Loss-of-function mutation in the dioxygenase-encoding FTO gene causes severe growth retardation and multiple malformations. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Jul;85(1):106-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.002. Epub 2009, Jun 25. PMID:19559399 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.002

[2] Jia G, Yang CG, Yang S, Jian X, Yi C, Zhou Z, He C. Oxidative demethylation of 3-methylthymine and 3-methyluracil in single-stranded DNA and RNA by mouse and human FTO. FEBS Lett. 2008 Oct 15;582(23-24):3313-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.019., Epub 2008 Sep 5. PMID:18775698 doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.019

[3] Han Z, Niu T, Chang J, Lei X, Zhao M, Wang Q, Cheng W, Wang J, Feng Y, Chai J. Crystal structure of the FTO protein reveals basis for its substrate specificity. Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1205-9. Epub 2010 Apr 7. PMID:20376003 doi:10.1038/nature08921

[4] Liu Y, Liang G, Xu H, Dong W, Dong Z, Qiu Z, Zhang Z, Li F, Huang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Yin S, Zhang Y, Guo P, Liu J, Xi JJ, Jiang P, Han D, Yang CG, Xu MM. Tumors exploit FTO-mediated regulation of glycolytic metabolism to evade immune surveillance. Cell Metab. 2021 Jun 1;33(6):1221-1233.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.001. Epub, 2021 Apr 27. PMID:33910046 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.001

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