Proteopedia

7ast

Apo Human RNA Polymerase IIIApo Human RNA Polymerase III

Structural highlights

7ast is a 10 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:Electron Microscopy, Resolution 4Å
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

RPC10_HUMAN The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Function

RPC10_HUMAN Core component of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) which synthesizes small non-coding RNAs using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates (PubMed:20413673, PubMed:30584594, PubMed:33335104, PubMed:33558764, PubMed:33558766, PubMed:33674783, PubMed:34675218). Can mediate Pol I proofreading of the nascent RNA transcript. Anchors into the Pol III active site to constantly monitor transcription fidelity, cleaves mis-incorporated 5'-ribonucleotides and restarts the transcription process. Once Pol III reaches the poly(dT) termination signal, can induce Pol III clamp opening and transcription termination (By similarity) (PubMed:33335104, PubMed:33558764, PubMed:33558766, PubMed:33674783, PubMed:34675218). Pol III plays an important role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as a nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF-kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway (PubMed:19609254, PubMed:19631370).[UniProtKB:Q04307][1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

In eukaryotes, RNA Polymerase (Pol) III is specialized for the transcription of tRNAs and other short, untranslated RNAs. Pol III is a determinant of cellular growth and lifespan across eukaryotes. Upregulation of Pol III transcription is observed in cancer and causative Pol III mutations have been described in neurodevelopmental disorders and hypersensitivity to viral infection. Here, we report a cryo-EM reconstruction at 4.0 A of human Pol III, allowing mapping and rationalization of reported genetic mutations. Mutations causing neurodevelopmental defects cluster in hotspots affecting Pol III stability and/or biogenesis, whereas mutations affecting viral sensing are located in proximity to DNA binding regions, suggesting an impairment of Pol III cytosolic viral DNA-sensing. Integrating x-ray crystallography and SAXS, we also describe the structure of the higher eukaryote specific RPC5 C-terminal extension. Surprisingly, experiments in living cells highlight a role for this module in the assembly and stability of human Pol III.

Structure of human RNA polymerase III.,Ramsay EP, Abascal-Palacios G, Daiss JL, King H, Gouge J, Pilsl M, Beuron F, Morris E, Gunkel P, Engel C, Vannini A Nat Commun. 2020 Dec 17;11(1):6409. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20262-5. PMID:33335104[10]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Ablasser A, Bauernfeind F, Hartmann G, Latz E, Fitzgerald KA, Hornung V. RIG-I-dependent sensing of poly(dA:dT) through the induction of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed RNA intermediate. Nat Immunol. 2009 Oct;10(10):1065-72. doi: 10.1038/ni.1779. Epub 2009 Jul 16. PMID:19609254 doi:10.1038/ni.1779
  2. ↑ Chiu YH, Macmillan JB, Chen ZJ. RNA polymerase III detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons through the RIG-I pathway. Cell. 2009 Aug 7;138(3):576-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.015. Epub 2009 Jul, 23. PMID:19631370 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.015
  3. ↑ Canella D, Praz V, Reina JH, Cousin P, Hernandez N. Defining the RNA polymerase III transcriptome: Genome-wide localization of the RNA polymerase III transcription machinery in human cells. Genome Res. 2010 Jun;20(6):710-21. PMID:20413673 doi:10.1101/gr.101337.109
  4. ↑ Dorboz I, Dumay-Odelot H, Boussaid K, Bouyacoub Y, Barreau P, Samaan S, Jmel H, Eymard-Pierre E, Cances C, Bar C, Poulat AL, Rousselle C, Renaldo F, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Teichmann M, Boespflug-Tanguy O. Mutation in POLR3K causes hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and abnormal ribosomal RNA regulation. Neurol Genet. 2018 Dec 3;4(6):e289. PMID:30584594 doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000289
  5. ↑ Ramsay EP, Abascal-Palacios G, Daiß JL, King H, Gouge J, Pilsl M, Beuron F, Morris E, Gunkel P, Engel C, Vannini A. Structure of human RNA polymerase III. Nat Commun. 2020 Dec 17;11(1):6409. PMID:33335104 doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20262-5
  6. ↑ Girbig M, Misiaszek AD, Vorländer MK, Lafita A, Grötsch H, Baudin F, Bateman A, Müller CW. Cryo-EM structures of human RNA polymerase III in its unbound and transcribing states. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2021 Feb;28(2):210-219. PMID:33558764 doi:10.1038/s41594-020-00555-5
  7. ↑ Wang Q, Li S, Wan F, Xu Y, Wu Z, Cao M, Lan P, Lei M, Wu J. Structural insights into transcriptional regulation of human RNA polymerase III. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2021 Feb;28(2):220-227. PMID:33558766 doi:10.1038/s41594-021-00557-x
  8. ↑ Li L, Yu Z, Zhao D, Ren Y, Hou H, Xu Y. Structure of human RNA polymerase III elongation complex. Cell Res. 2021 Jul;31(7):791-800. PMID:33674783 doi:10.1038/s41422-021-00472-2
  9. ↑ Hou H, Li Y, Wang M, Liu A, Yu Z, Chen K, Zhao D, Xu Y. Structural insights into RNA polymerase III-mediated transcription termination through trapping poly-deoxythymidine. Nat Commun. 2021 Oct 21;12(1):6135. PMID:34675218 doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26402-9
  10. ↑ Ramsay EP, Abascal-Palacios G, Daiß JL, King H, Gouge J, Pilsl M, Beuron F, Morris E, Gunkel P, Engel C, Vannini A. Structure of human RNA polymerase III. Nat Commun. 2020 Dec 17;11(1):6409. PMID:33335104 doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20262-5

7ast, resolution 4.00Å

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