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Crystal structure of RARalpha ligand binding domain in complex with a fragment of the TIF2 coactivatorCrystal structure of RARalpha ligand binding domain in complex with a fragment of the TIF2 coactivator
Structural highlights
DiseaseRARA_HUMAN Note=Chromosomal aberrations involving RARA are commonly found in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Translocation t(11;17)(q32;q21) with ZBTB16/PLZF; translocation t(15;17)(q21;q21) with PML; translocation t(5;17)(q32;q11) with NPM. The PML-RARA oncoprotein requires both the PML ring structure and coiled-coil domain for both interaction with UBE2I, nuclear microspeckle location and sumoylation. In addition, the coiled-coil domain functions in blocking RA-mediated transactivation and cell differentiation. FunctionRARA_HUMAN Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone acetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation. RARA plays an essential role in the regulation of retinoic acid-induced germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Has a role in the survival of early spermatocytes at the beginning prophase of meiosis. In Sertoli cells, may promote the survival and development of early meiotic prophase spermatocytes. In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function (By similarity). Regulates expression of target genes in a ligand-dependent manner by recruiting chromatin complexes containing MLL5. Mediates retinoic acid-induced granulopoiesis.[1] [2] [3] [4] Publication Abstract from PubMedRetinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) form heterodimers that activate target gene transcription by recruiting co-activator complexes in response to ligand binding. The nuclear receptor (NR) co-activator TIF2 mediates this recruitment by interacting with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of NRs trough the nuclear receptor interaction domain (TIF2(NRID)) containing three highly conserved alpha-helical LxxLL motifs (NR-boxes). The precise binding mode of this domain to RXR/RAR is not clear due to the disordered nature of TIF2. Here we present the structural characterization of TIF2(NRID) by integrating several experimental (NMR, SAXS, Far-UV CD, SEC-MALS) and computational data. Collectively, the data are in agreement with a largely disordered protein with partially structured regions, including the NR-boxes and their flanking regions, which are evolutionary conserved. NMR and X-ray crystallographic data on TIF2(NRID) in complex with RXR/RAR reveal a multisite binding of the three NR-boxes as well as an active role of their flanking regions in the interaction. Structural Insights into the Interaction of the Intrinsically Disordered Co-activator TIF2 with Retinoic Acid Receptor Heterodimer (RXR/RAR).,Senicourt L, le Maire A, Allemand F, Carvalho JE, Guee L, Germain P, Schubert M, Bernado P, Bourguet W, Sibille N J Mol Biol. 2021 Apr 30;433(9):166899. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166899. Epub 2021 , Feb 27. PMID:33647291[5] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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