Proteopedia

6s41

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PXR IN COMPLEX WITH XPC-7455CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PXR IN COMPLEX WITH XPC-7455

Structural highlights

6s41 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Ligands:
Gene:NR1I2, PXR (HUMAN)
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

[NR1I2_HUMAN] Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Nonselective antagonists of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels have been long used for the treatment of epilepsies. The efficacy of these drugs is thought to be due to the block of sodium channels on excitatory neurons, primarily NaV1.6 and NaV1.2. However, these currently marketed drugs require high drug exposure and suffer from narrow therapeutic indices. Selective inhibition of NaV1.6, while sparing NaV1.1, is anticipated to provide a more effective and better tolerated treatment for epilepsies. In addition, block of NaV1.2 may complement the anticonvulsant activity of NaV1.6 inhibition. We discovered a novel series of aryl sulfonamides as CNS penetrant, isoform-selective NaV1.6 inhibitors, which also displayed potent block of NaV1.2. Optimization focused on increasing selectivity over NaV1.1, improving metabolic stability, reducing active efflux, and addressing a PXR (pregnane X-receptor) liability. We obtained compounds 30-32, which produced potent anticonvulsant activity in mouse seizure models, including a direct current maximal electroshock (DC-MES) seizure assay.

Identification of CNS-Penetrant Aryl Sulfonamides as Isoform-Selective NaV1.6 Inhibitors with Efficacy in Mouse Models of Epilepsy.,Focken T, Burford K, Grimwood ME, Zenova A, Andrez JC, Gong W, Wilson M, Taron M, Decker S, Lofstrand V, Chowdhury S, Shuart N, Lin S, Goodchild SJ, Young C, Soriano M, Tari PK, Waldbrook M, Nelkenbrecher K, Kwan R, Lindgren A, de Boer G, Lee S, Sojo L, Devita RJ, Cohen CJ, Wesolowski SS, Johnson JP, Dehnhardt CM, Empfield JR J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01032. PMID:31525968[7]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

  1. ↑ Lehmann JM, McKee DD, Watson MA, Willson TM, Moore JT, Kliewer SA. The human orphan nuclear receptor PXR is activated by compounds that regulate CYP3A4 gene expression and cause drug interactions. J Clin Invest. 1998 Sep 1;102(5):1016-23. PMID:9727070 doi:10.1172/JCI3703
  2. ↑ Zhang J, Kuehl P, Green ED, Touchman JW, Watkins PB, Daly A, Hall SD, Maurel P, Relling M, Brimer C, Yasuda K, Wrighton SA, Hancock M, Kim RB, Strom S, Thummel K, Russell CG, Hudson JR Jr, Schuetz EG, Boguski MS. The human pregnane X receptor: genomic structure and identification and functional characterization of natural allelic variants. Pharmacogenetics. 2001 Oct;11(7):555-72. PMID:11668216
  3. ↑ Geick A, Eichelbaum M, Burk O. Nuclear receptor response elements mediate induction of intestinal MDR1 by rifampin. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 4;276(18):14581-7. Epub 2001 Jan 31. PMID:11297522 doi:10.1074/jbc.M010173200
  4. ↑ Li Y, Ross-Viola JS, Shay NF, Moore DD, Ricketts ML. Human CYP3A4 and murine Cyp3A11 are regulated by equol and genistein via the pregnane X receptor in a species-specific manner. J Nutr. 2009 May;139(5):898-904. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.103572. Epub 2009 Mar 18. PMID:19297428 doi:10.3945/jn.108.103572
  5. ↑ Watkins RE, Maglich JM, Moore LB, Wisely GB, Noble SM, Davis-Searles PR, Lambert MH, Kliewer SA, Redinbo MR. 2.1 A crystal structure of human PXR in complex with the St. John's wort compound hyperforin. Biochemistry. 2003 Feb 18;42(6):1430-8. PMID:12578355 doi:10.1021/bi0268753
  6. ↑ Teotico DG, Bischof JJ, Peng L, Kliewer SA, Redinbo MR. Structural basis of human pregnane X receptor activation by the hops constituent colupulone. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;74(6):1512-20. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.050732. Epub 2008 Sep, 2. PMID:18768384 doi:10.1124/mol.108.050732
  7. ↑ Focken T, Burford K, Grimwood ME, Zenova A, Andrez JC, Gong W, Wilson M, Taron M, Decker S, Lofstrand V, Chowdhury S, Shuart N, Lin S, Goodchild SJ, Young C, Soriano M, Tari PK, Waldbrook M, Nelkenbrecher K, Kwan R, Lindgren A, de Boer G, Lee S, Sojo L, Devita RJ, Cohen CJ, Wesolowski SS, Johnson JP, Dehnhardt CM, Empfield JR. Identification of CNS-Penetrant Aryl Sulfonamides as Isoform-Selective NaV1.6 Inhibitors with Efficacy in Mouse Models of Epilepsy. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01032. PMID:31525968 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01032

6s41, resolution 2.70Å

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