6g6t
Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase isozyme II with N-butyl-2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoyl-benzamideCrystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase isozyme II with N-butyl-2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoyl-benzamide
Structural highlights
Disease[CAH2_HUMAN] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:259730]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Function[CAH2_HUMAN] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.[6] [7] Publication Abstract from PubMedRational design of compounds that would bind specific pockets of the target proteins is a difficult task in drug design. The 12 isoforms of catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have highly similar active sites that make it difficult to design inhibitors selective for one or several CA isoforms. A series of CA inhibitors based on 2-chloro/bromo-benzenesulfonamide that is largely fixed in the CA active site together with one or two tails yielded compounds that were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of CA isoforms. Introduction of a second tail had significant influence on the binding affinity and two-tailed compounds in most cases provided high affinity and selectivity for CA IX and CA XIV. The contacts between several compounds and CA amino acids were determined by X-ray crystallography. Together with the intrinsic enthalpy and entropy of binding they provided the structure-thermodynamics correlations for this series of compounds with the insight how to rationally build compounds with desired CA isoform as a target. Design of two-tail compounds with rotationally fixed benzenesulfonamide ring as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases.,Zaksauskas A, Capkauskaite E, Jezepcikas L, Linkuviene V, Kisonaite M, Smirnov A, Manakova E, Grazulis S, Matulis D Eur J Med Chem. 2018 Aug 5;156:61-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.059. Epub, 2018 Jun 27. PMID:30006175[8] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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