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The complex structure of C3cer exoenzyme and GTP bound RhoA (NADH-bound state)The complex structure of C3cer exoenzyme and GTP bound RhoA (NADH-bound state)
Structural highlights
FunctionRHOA_HUMAN Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essential role in cleavage furrow formation. Required for the apical junction formation of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion. Serves as a target for the yopT cysteine peptidase from Yersinia pestis, vector of the plague, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which causes gastrointestinal disorders. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. May be an activator of PLCE1. Activated by ARHGEF2, which promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It controls the localization of APC and CLASP2 to the cell membrane, via the regulation of GSK3B activity. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of the MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Publication Abstract from PubMedC3 exoenzyme is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) that catalyzes transfer of an ADP-ribose moiety from NAD+ to Rho GTPases. C3 has long been used to study the diverse regulatory functions of Rho GTPases. How C3 recognizes its substrate and ADP-ribosylation proceeds are still poorly understood. Crystal structures of C3-RhoA complex reveal that C3 recognizes RhoA via switch I, switch II and interswitch regions. In C3-RhoA(GTP) and C3-RhoA(GDP), switch I and II adopt the GDP and GTP conformations, respectively, which explains why C3 can ADP-ribosylate both nucleotide forms. Based on structural information, we successfully changed Cdc42 to active substrate with combined mutations in the C3-Rho GTPase interface. Moreover, the structure reflects the close relationship among Gln183 in the QXE-motif (C3), a modified Asn41 residue (RhoA) and NC1 of NAD(H), which suggests C3 is the prototype ART. The structures show directly for the first time that the ARTT-loop is the key to target protein recognition and also serve to bridge the gaps among independent studies of Rho GTPases and C3. Rho GTPase Recognition by C3 Exoenzyme Based on C3-RhoA Complex Structure.,Toda A, Tsurumura T, Yoshida T, Tsumori Y, Tsuge H J Biol Chem. 2015 Jun 11. pii: jbc.M115.653220. PMID:26067270[9] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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