Crystal Structure of the Retinoid X Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Bound to the Synthetic Agonist 3-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]acrylic AcidCrystal Structure of the Retinoid X Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Bound to the Synthetic Agonist 3-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]acrylic Acid

Structural highlights

3fug is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2Å
Ligands:
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

RXRA_HUMAN Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. The high affinity ligand for RXRs is 9-cis retinoic acid. RXRA serves as a common heterodimeric partner for a number of nuclear receptors. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone acetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation. The RXRA/PPARA heterodimer is required for PPARA transcriptional activity on fatty acid oxidation genes such as ACOX1 and the P450 system genes.[1] [2] [3] [4]

Evolutionary Conservation

 

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Rexinoids are ligands for the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that have great promise for both the prevention and treatment of cancer and metabolic diseases. In this regard, synthetic, functional, and structural investigations into the structure-activity relationships of derivatives of the potent RXR agonist (E)-3-[3-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4-hydro xyphenyl]acrylic acid (CD3254, 9) have been conducted. We recently reported on the characterization of a series of C3'-substituted alkyl ether analogues of 9 (10a-f), which display activities ranging from partial agonists to pure antagonists. The importance of the position of the alkoxy side chain for ligand activity has been further explored with the synthesis of C4'-substituted analogues (11a-f). Here we describe the synthesis of compounds 11a-f, which appear functionally different from their isomeric counterparts, as judged from transactivation assays and fluorescence anisotropy experiments. We also report on the 2.0 A resolution structure of RXR in complex with the parent compound 9, which helps understanding of the impact of the alkyl side chain location on ligand activity.

Modulating Retinoid X Receptor with a Series of (E)-3-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3-alkoxy-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphtha len-2-yl)phenyl]acrylic Acids and Their 4-Alkoxy Isomers (dagger).,Santin EP, Germain P, Quillard F, Khanwalkar H, Rodriguez-Barrios F, Gronemeyer H, de Lera AR, Bourguet W J Med Chem. 2009 May 1. PMID:19408900[5]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. Gorla-Bajszczak A, Juge-Aubry C, Pernin A, Burger AG, Meier CA. Conserved amino acids in the ligand-binding and tau(i) domains of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha are necessary for heterodimerization with RXR. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1999 Jan 25;147(1-2):37-47. PMID:10195690
  2. Harish S, Ashok MS, Khanam T, Rangarajan PN. Serine 27, a human retinoid X receptor alpha residue, phosphorylated by protein kinase A is essential for cyclicAMP-mediated downregulation of RXRalpha function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Dec 29;279(3):853-7. PMID:11162439 doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4043
  3. Tsutsumi T, Suzuki T, Shimoike T, Suzuki R, Moriya K, Shintani Y, Fujie H, Matsuura Y, Koike K, Miyamura T. Interaction of hepatitis C virus core protein with retinoid X receptor alpha modulates its transcriptional activity. Hepatology. 2002 Apr;35(4):937-46. PMID:11915042 doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.32470
  4. Santos NC, Kim KH. Activity of retinoic acid receptor-alpha is directly regulated at its protein kinase A sites in response to follicle-stimulating hormone signaling. Endocrinology. 2010 May;151(5):2361-72. doi: 10.1210/en.2009-1338. Epub 2010 Mar , 9. PMID:20215566 doi:10.1210/en.2009-1338
  5. Santin EP, Germain P, Quillard F, Khanwalkar H, Rodriguez-Barrios F, Gronemeyer H, de Lera AR, Bourguet W. Modulating Retinoid X Receptor with a Series of (E)-3-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3-alkoxy-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphtha len-2-yl)phenyl]acrylic Acids and Their 4-Alkoxy Isomers (dagger). J Med Chem. 2009 May 1. PMID:19408900 doi:10.1021/jm900096q

3fug, resolution 2.00Å

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