2xnd
Crystal structure of bovine F1-c8 sub-complex of ATP SynthaseCrystal structure of bovine F1-c8 sub-complex of ATP Synthase
Structural highlights
FunctionATPA_BOVIN Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. Subunit alpha does not bear the catalytic high-affinity ATP-binding sites (By similarity). Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe catalytic domain of the F-ATPase in mitochondria protrudes into the matrix of the organelle, and is attached to the membrane domain by central and peripheral stalks. Energy for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate is provided by the transmembrane proton-motive-force across the inner membrane, generated by respiration. The proton-motive force is coupled mechanically to ATP synthesis by the rotation at about 100 times per second of the central stalk and an attached ring of c-subunits in the membrane domain. Each c-subunit carries a glutamate exposed around the midpoint of the membrane on the external surface of the ring. The rotation is generated by protonation and deprotonation successively of each glutamate. Each 360 degrees rotation produces three ATP molecules, and requires the translocation of one proton per glutamate by each c-subunit in the ring. In fungi, eubacteria, and plant chloroplasts, ring sizes of c(10)-c(15) subunits have been observed, implying that these enzymes need 3.3-5 protons to make each ATP, but until now no higher eukaryote has been examined. As shown here in the structure of the bovine F(1)-c-ring complex, the c-ring has eight c-subunits. As the sequences of c-subunits are identical throughout almost all vertebrates and are highly conserved in invertebrates, their F-ATPases probably contain c(8)-rings also. Therefore, in about 50,000 vertebrate species, and probably in many or all of the two million invertebrate species, 2.7 protons are required by the F-ATPase to make each ATP molecule. Bioenergetic cost of making an adenosine triphosphate molecule in animal mitochondria.,Watt IN, Montgomery MG, Runswick MJ, Leslie AG, Walker JE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 28;107(39):16823-7. Epub 2010 Sep 16. PMID:20847295[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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