Proteopedia

2ga7

Solution structure of the copper(I) form of the third metal-binding domain of ATP7A protein (menkes disease protein)Solution structure of the copper(I) form of the third metal-binding domain of ATP7A protein (menkes disease protein)

Structural highlights

2ga7 is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full experimental information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:Solution NMR
Ligands:
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

ATP7A_HUMAN Defects in ATP7A are the cause of Menkes disease (MNKD) [MIM:309400; also known as kinky hair disease. MNKD is an X-linked recessive disorder of copper metabolism characterized by generalized copper deficiency. MNKD results in progressive neurodegeneration and connective-tissue disturbances: focal cerebral and cerebellar degeneration, early growth retardation, peculiar hair, hypopigmentation, cutis laxa, vascular complications and death in early childhood. The clinical features result from the dysfunction of several copper-dependent enzymes.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Defects in ATP7A are the cause of occipital horn syndrome (OHS) [MIM:304150; also known as X-linked cutis laxa. OHS is an X-linked recessive disorder of copper metabolism. Common features are unusual facial appearance, skeletal abnormalities, chronic diarrhea and genitourinary defects. The skeletal abnormalities included occipital horns, short, broad clavicles, deformed radii, ulnae and humeri, narrowing of the rib cage, undercalcified long bones with thin cortical walls and coxa valga.[10] [11] Defects in ATP7A are a cause of distal spinal muscular atrophy X-linked type 3 (DSMAX3) [MIM:300489. DSMAX3 is a neuromuscular disorder. Distal spinal muscular atrophy, also known as distal hereditary motor neuronopathy, represents a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs.[12]

Function

ATP7A_HUMAN May supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells.

Evolutionary Conservation

 

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The third metal-binding domain of the human Menkes protein (MNK3), a copper(I)-transporting ATPase, has been expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized in solution. The solution structure of MNK3, its copper(I)-binding properties, and its interaction with the physiological partner, HAH1, have been studied. MNK3 is the domain most dissimilar in structure from the other domains of the Menkes protein. This is reflected in a significant rearrangement of the last strand of the four-stranded beta-sheet when compared with the other known homologous proteins or protein domains. MNK3 is also peculiar with respect to its interaction with the copper(I) ion, as it was found to be a comparatively weak binder. Copper(I) transfer from metal-loaded HAH1 was observed experimentally, but the metal distribution was shifted toward binding by HAH1. This is at variance with what is observed for the other Menkes domains.

Solution structure and intermolecular interactions of the third metal-binding domain of ATP7A, the Menkes disease protein.,Banci L, Bertini I, Cantini F, DellaMalva N, Herrmann T, Rosato A, Wuthrich K J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 29;281(39):29141-7. Epub 2006 Jul 26. PMID:16873374[13]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Tumer Z, Moller LB, Horn N. Mutation spectrum of ATP7A, the gene defective in Menkes disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;448:83-95. PMID:10079817
  2. ↑ Das S, Levinson B, Whitney S, Vulpe C, Packman S, Gitschier J. Diverse mutations in patients with Menkes disease often lead to exon skipping. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;55(5):883-9. PMID:7977350
  3. ↑ Tumer Z, Lund C, Tolshave J, Vural B, Tonnesen T, Horn N. Identification of point mutations in 41 unrelated patients affected with Menkes disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jan;60(1):63-71. PMID:8981948
  4. ↑ Ambrosini L, Mercer JF. Defective copper-induced trafficking and localization of the Menkes protein in patients with mild and copper-treated classical Menkes disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Aug;8(8):1547-55. PMID:10401004
  5. ↑ Ogawa A, Yamamoto S, Takayanagi M, Kogo T, Kanazawa M, Kohno Y. Identification of three novel mutations in the MNK gene in three unrelated Japanese patients with classical Menkes disease. J Hum Genet. 1999;44(3):206-9. PMID:10319589 doi:10.1007/s100380050144
  6. ↑ Gu YH, Kodama H, Murata Y, Mochizuki D, Yanagawa Y, Ushijima H, Shiba T, Lee CC. ATP7A gene mutations in 16 patients with Menkes disease and a patient with occipital horn syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 15;99(3):217-22. PMID:11241493
  7. ↑ Hahn S, Cho K, Ryu K, Kim J, Pai K, Kim M, Park H, Yoo O. Identification of four novel mutations in classical Menkes disease and successful prenatal DNA diagnosis. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 May;73(1):86-90. PMID:11350187 doi:10.1006/mgme.2001.3169
  8. ↑ Moller LB, Bukrinsky JT, Molgaard A, Paulsen M, Lund C, Tumer Z, Larsen S, Horn N. Identification and analysis of 21 novel disease-causing amino acid substitutions in the conserved part of ATP7A. Hum Mutat. 2005 Aug;26(2):84-93. PMID:15981243 doi:10.1002/humu.20190
  9. ↑ Leon-Garcia G, Santana A, Villegas-Sepulveda N, Perez-Gonzalez C, Henrriquez-Esquiroz JM, de Leon-Garcia C, Wong C, Baeza I. The T1048I mutation in ATP7A gene causes an unusual Menkes disease presentation. BMC Pediatr. 2012 Sep 19;12:150. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-150. PMID:22992316 doi:10.1186/1471-2431-12-150
  10. ↑ Ronce N, Moizard MP, Robb L, Toutain A, Villard L, Moraine C. A C2055T transition in exon 8 of the ATP7A gene is associated with exon skipping in an occipital horn syndrome family. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jul;61(1):233-8. PMID:9246006 doi:10.1016/S0002-9297(07)64297-9
  11. ↑ Tang J, Robertson S, Lem KE, Godwin SC, Kaler SG. Functional copper transport explains neurologic sparing in occipital horn syndrome. Genet Med. 2006 Nov;8(11):711-8. PMID:17108763 doi:10.109701.gim.0000245578.94312.1e
  12. ↑ Kennerson ML, Nicholson GA, Kaler SG, Kowalski B, Mercer JF, Tang J, Llanos RM, Chu S, Takata RI, Speck-Martins CE, Baets J, Almeida-Souza L, Fischer D, Timmerman V, Taylor PE, Scherer SS, Ferguson TA, Bird TD, De Jonghe P, Feely SM, Shy ME, Garbern JY. Missense mutations in the copper transporter gene ATP7A cause X-linked distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Mar 12;86(3):343-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.027. Epub, 2010 Feb 18. PMID:20170900 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.027
  13. ↑ Banci L, Bertini I, Cantini F, DellaMalva N, Herrmann T, Rosato A, Wuthrich K. Solution structure and intermolecular interactions of the third metal-binding domain of ATP7A, the Menkes disease protein. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 29;281(39):29141-7. Epub 2006 Jul 26. PMID:16873374 doi:10.1074/jbc.M603176200
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