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CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHEMOKINE DOMAIN OF FRACTALKINECRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHEMOKINE DOMAIN OF FRACTALKINE
Structural highlights
FunctionX3CL1_HUMAN The soluble form is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. The membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells. May play a role in regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium. Binds to CX3CR1.[1] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedFractalkine, or neurotactin, is a chemokine that is present in endothelial cells from several tissues, including brain, liver, and kidney. It is the only member of the CX(3)C class of chemokines. Fractalkine contains a chemokine domain (CDF) attached to a membrane-spanning domain via a mucin-like stalk. However, fractalkine can also be proteolytically cleaved from its membrane-spanning domain to release a freely diffusible form. Fractalkine attracts and immobilizes leukocytes by binding to its receptor, CX(3)CR1. The x-ray crystal structure of CDF has been solved and refined to 2.0 A resolution. The CDF monomers form a dimer through an intermolecular beta-sheet. This interaction is somewhat similar to that seen in other dimeric CC chemokine crystal structures. However, the displacement of the first disulfide in CDF causes the dimer to assume a more compact quaternary structure relative to CC chemokines, which is unique to CX(3)C chemokines. Although fractalkine can bind to heparin in vitro, as shown by comparison of electrostatic surface plots with other chemokines and by heparin chromatography, the role of this property in vivo is not well understood. The crystal structure of the chemokine domain of fractalkine shows a novel quaternary arrangement.,Hoover DM, Mizoue LS, Handel TM, Lubkowski J J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 28;275(30):23187-93. PMID:10770945[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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